Home of one of the few remaining covered bridges in Massachusetts, Conway was first settled in 1760 and incorporated in 1767.  The town is a small rural community which was named in honor of General Henry Conway, who supported the repeal of the Stamp Act in Parliament.

Conway has an abundant water supply, which provided power for grist and saw mills and a number of tanneries in its early days.  By the 19th century, a dam had created a reservoir supporting several woolen and broadcloth mills along the South River.  Unfortunately, in 1869 the dam burst, sweeping away these largest industries in town.

Modern Conway boasts a number of maple sugar houses and is the site of the Conway State Forest and South River State Forest, retaining an unspoiled landscape loved by the residents of the town. 

One of the community's most famous former residents was Marshall Field, the developer of the nationally known Marshall Field Department Store in Chicago.  Born and brought up in Conway, Fields donated Memorial Library to the town in honor of his parents.  An active Historical Society preserves the town's past for its future citizens.