The Town of Rockland is an industrial community in Plymouth county. In 1645, the Plymouth Colony granted the area which would become Rockland to Timothy Hatherly. The first settlers were drawn by the rich woodlands of pine and oak and the first mill was opened by the Thaxter family in 1703. But some of King Philip's forces made their encampment in town and white settlement in the community only began flourishing well after the war, in the 1730's.

The town relied on agriculture, timbering and saw milling and shipped large quantities of oak timber to colonial shipyards. In the 19th century, Rockland became a center for shoe production and by 1832 there were six factories which produced twice the value of shoes being made in Brockton. By 1837, the town was manufacturing twice as many shoes as all other towns in the county put together. Rockland is supposed to have shod half the Union Army, along with pioneering in machine sewn shoes and producing fur-lined boots.

Trollies and trains tied the town to Abington, Hanover and Brockton in the 19th century and the town was incorporated in 1874. By 1865, 2800 male and female workers produced $3.5 million worth of shoes and boots compared to $1.46 million in Brockton. Most shoe factories closed in the Depression years but intense commercial expansion along Route 123 brought suburban development with it, since the town is only 20 miles southeast of Boston.

Although Rockland has been an industrial community since the mid-19th century, there are large tracts of town which remain wooded and the town retains a somewhat rural quality.